Definisi Terorisme(4)

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​Oleh Khairil Anwar

(diambil dari Wikipedia bahasa Indonesia)

Menurut Webster’s New World College Dictionary (1996); Terorisme adalah “the use of force on threats to demoralize, intimidate, and subjugate”. Doktrin  membedakan Terorisme kedalam 2 (dua) macam definisi, yaitu definisi tindakan teroris (terrorism act) dan pelaku terorisme (terrorism actor). Disepakati oleh kebanyakan ahli bahwa tindakan yang tergolong kedalam tindakan Terorisme adalah tindakan-tindakan yang memiliki elemen ; 1). Kekerasan, 2). Tujuan politik, dan 3). Teror/ intended audience.

Definisi akademis tentang Terorisme tidak dapat diselaraskan menjadi definisi yuridis. Bahkan Amerika Serikat yang memiliki banyak act yang menyebut kata terrorism atau terrorist didalamnya, sampai saat ini pun masih belum dapat memberikan standar definisi tentang Terorisme, baik secara akademis mau pun yuridis. Sejauh ini, Terorisme hanya dapat dikategorikan sebagai kejahatan dalam hukum internasional bila memenuhi kriteria yang disebut dalam 12 (dua belas) konvensi multilateral yang berhubungan dengan Terorisme yaitu ; 1). Convention on Offences and Certain Other Acts Committed on Board Aircraft (“Tokyo Convention”, 1963). 2). Convention for the Suppression of Unlawful Seizure of Aircraft (“Hague Convention”, 1970). 3). Convention for the Suppression of Unlawful Acts Against the Safety of Civil Aviation (“Montreal Convention”,1971). 4). Convention of the Prevention and Punishment of Crimes Against Internationally Protecred Persons”, 1973). 5). International Convention Against the Taking of Hostages (“Hostages Convention”, 1979). 6). Convention of the Physical Protection of Nuclear Material (“Nuclear Material Convention”, 1980), 7). Protocol for the Suppression of Unlawful Acts of Violence at Airports Serving International Civil Aviation (supplementary to the Convention for the Suppression of Unlawful Acts againts the Safety of Civil Aviation, 1988). 8). Convention for the Suppression of Unlawf Acts Againts (the Safety of Maritime Navigation, 1988). 9). Protocol for the Suppression of Unlawful Acts Againts (the Safety of Fixed Platforms Located on the Continental Shelf, 1988). 10). Convention on the Marking of Plastic Explosives (for the Purpose of Detection, 1991). 11). International Convention for the Suppression of Terrorist Bombing (“United Nations General Assembly Resolution, 1997). 12). International Convention (for the Suppression of the Financing of Terrorism, 1999). (Bersambung…)

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